Periodontal disease (also known as periodontitis or gum disease) is a progressive condition and the leading cause of tooth loss amongst adults in the developed world.  Periodontal disease occurs when the toxins found in plaque begin to irritate or inflame the gingiva (gum tissue).  The resulting bacterial infection often known as gingivitis, can eventually lead to the destruction of the gum tissue and underlying bone.  If periodontal disease is not treated, it can also lead to loose teeth or tooth loss.

There are many common types of periodontal disease including aggressive, chronic, necrotizing periodontitis, and periodontitis associated with systemic diseases.  Each of these types of periodontal disease has its own distinct characteristics and symptoms, and all require prompt treatment by a dentist or periodontist to halt subsequent bone and tissue loss.

Common Signs & Symptoms

It is extremely important to note that periodontal disease can progress without any signs or symptoms such as pain.  This is why regular dental checkups are exceptionally important. Described below are some of the most common signs and symptoms of periodontitis.

If you have any of these signs or symptoms, consult a periodontist as soon as possible:

• Bleeding gums – Bleeding when brushing, flossing or eating food is not normal and one of the most common symptoms of a periodontal infection.  The toxins in plaque cause a bacterial infection which makes the tissues prone to bleeding.
  
  

• Redness or swelling with little or no pain – A periodontal infection may be present if the gums are swollen, red or mild discomfort for no apparent reason.  It is essential to halt the progression of the infection before the gum tissue and jaw bone have been affected.  It is also critical to treat the infection before it is carried into the bloodstream to other areas of the body.  Periodontitis patients are rarely having pain until the disease advances to the severe stage.  

• Longer-looking teeth and sensitivity – Periodontal disease can lead to bone loss and hence gum recession.  The toxins produced by bacteria can destroy the supporting tissue and bones, thus making the teeth look longer and the smile appear more “toothy.”  

• Sensitivity - Exposed tooth roots from gum disease can often lead to sensitivity to touch and cold.

•  Bad breath/halitosis – Although breath odor can originate from the back of the tongue, the lungs and stomach, the food we consume, or from tobacco use, bad breath can also be caused by bacterial by-products or plaque that sit between the teeth and underneath the gum line. The deeper gum pockets are able to house more plaque and bacteria, causing a foul odor or bad breath.

• Loose teeth/change in bite pattern – A sign of rapidly progressing periodontitis is the loosening or shifting of the teeth in the affected area.  As the bone tissue gets destroyed, teeth that were once firmly attached to the jawbone become loose or may shift in position.

• Pus – Pus oozing from between the teeth and the gums is a definitive sign that a periodontal infection is in progress.  The pus is a result of the body trying to fight the bacterial infection.

If you have any further questions about the signs and symptoms of periodontal disease, please contact us at (626) 280-8844.